Is 300 joules enough surge protection for an appliance?

Looking to buy a surge protector for a fridge, a freezer, and a microwave.

Yes, for your fridge and freezer, 300 joules is plenty. Those appliances typically do not have electronic devices in them that are sensitive to voltage spikes. The microwave should have one rated higher, in the range of 500 or more to protect the control board, unless it is an older one with a dial type timer. 300 is plenty for the older ones. Also, don’t forget to protect your entertainment products and computer. Those should be protected at 650 or higher if possible.